Manual page for EMACS(1)
emacs - GNU project Emacs
SYNOPSIS
emacs
[
command-line switches
] [
files ...
]
DESCRIPTION
GNU Emacs
is a new version of
Emacs,
written by the author of the original (PDP-10)
Emacs,
Richard Stallman.
Its user functionality encompasses
everything other
Emacs
editors do, and it is easily extensible since its
editing commands are written in Lisp.
Emacs
has an extensive interactive help facility,
but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate
Emacs
windows and buffers.
CTRL-h (backspace
or CTRL-h) enters the Help facility. Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t)
requests an interactive tutorial which can teach beginners the fundamentals
of
Emacs
in a few minutes.
Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you
find a command given its functionality, Help Character (CTRL-h c)
describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f)
describes a given Lisp function specified by name.
Emacs's
Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is
easy to recover from editing mistakes.
GNU Emacs's
many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail),
outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells
within
Emacs
windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop
(Lisp-Interaction-Mode), and automated psychotherapy (Doctor).
There is an extensive reference manual, but
users of other Emacses
should have little trouble adapting even
without a copy. Users new to
Emacs
will be able
to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and
using the self-documentation features.
Emacs Options
The following options are of general interest:
- file
-
Edit
file.
- +number
-
Go to the line specified by
number
(do not insert a space between the "+" sign and
the number).
- -q
-
Do not load an init file.
- -u user
-
Load
user's
init file.
- -t file
-
Use specified
file
as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout.
This must be the first argument specified in the command line.
The following options are lisp-oriented
(these options are processed in the order encountered):
- -f function
-
Execute the lisp function
function.
- -l file
-
Load the lisp code in the file
file.
The following options are useful when running
Emacs
as a batch editor:
- -batch
-
Edit in batch mode according to the other command line arguments.
The editor will send messages to stdout.
This option must be the first in the argument list.
- -kill
-
Exit
Emacs
while in batch mode.
MANUALS
You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual for $20.00/copy
postpaid from the Free Software Foundation, which develops GNU software.
Their address is:
Free Software Foundation
675 Mass Ave.
Cambridge, MA 02139
See the file etc/DISTRIB in the Emacs distribution
for full ordering information.
Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available. As
with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted to
make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual. The TeX source to the
manual is also included in the Emacs source distribution.
FILES
/usr/lib/emacs/lisp - Lisp source files and compiled files
that define most editing commands. Some are preloaded;
others are autoloaded from this directory when used.
/usr/lib/emacs/etc - various programs that are used with
GNU Emacs, and some files of information.
/usr/lib/emacs/etc/DOC* - contains the documentation
strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions
of GNU Emacs. They are stored here to reduce the size of
Emacs proper.
/usr/lib/emacs/etc/DISTRIB discusses GNU Emacs distribution and
contains an order form for all of the software and manuals available
from the Free Software Foundation.
These files also have information useful to anyone wishing to write
programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language, which is
documented in the GNU Emacs Lisp Manual.
/usr/lib/emacs/info - files for the Info documentation browser
(a subsystem of Emacs) to refer to. Currently not much of Unix
is documented here, but the complete text of the Emacs reference
manual is included in a convenient tree structured form.
/usr/lib/emacs/lock - holds lock files that are made for all
files being modified in Emacs, to prevent simultaneous modification
of one file by two users.
BUGS
There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu on the internet
(ucbvax!prep.ai.mit.edu!bug-gnu-emacs on UUCPnet), for reporting Emacs
bugs and fixes. But before reporting something as a bug, please try
to be sure that it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a
deliberate feature. We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs
Bugs'' near the end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints
on how and when to report bugs. Also, include the version number of
the Emacs you are running in every bug report that you send in.
Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. The purpose of reporting
bugs is to get them fixed for everyone in the next release, if possible.
For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for
a list of people who offer it.
Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list.
Send requests to be added to mailing lists to the special list
info-gnu-emacs-request@prep.ai.mit.edu (or the corresponding UUCP
address). For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the
file /usr/lib/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. Bugs tend actually to be
fixed if they can be isolated, so it is in your interest to report
them in such a way that they can be easily reproduced.
Bugs that I know about are: shell will not work with programs
running in Raw mode on some Unix versions.
UNRESTRICTIONS
Emacs
is free; anyone may redistribute copies of
Emacs
to
anyone under the terms stated in the
Emacs
General Public License,
a copy of which accompanies each copy of
Emacs
and which also
appears in the reference manual.
Copies of
Emacs
may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems,
but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those
systems. Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution
is permitted. In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public
License is to prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions
to redistribution of
Emacs.
Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend
Emacs,
and urges that
you contribute your extensions to the GNU library. Eventually GNU
(Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement for Berkeley
Unix.
Everyone will be able to use the GNU system for free.
AUTHORS
Emacs
was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation.
Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features.
Created by unroff & hp-tools.
© somebody (See intro for details). All Rights Reserved.
Last modified 11/5/97