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Manual page for DVIPS(1)

dvips - convert a TeX dvi file to PostScript (PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.)

SYNOPSIS

dvips [ -c num ] [ -d num ] [ -f ] [ -h file ] [ -m ] [ -n num ] [ -o file ] [ -p num ] [ -q ] [ -r ] [ -s str ] [ -t modename ] [ -C num ] [ -D num ] [ -N ] [ -Z ] [ -? ] file[.dvi]

DESCRIPTION

dvips is a program that converts a dvi file file[.dvi] produced by TeX and converts it to PostScript, and writes the result to file[.ps]. The result requires a small amount of PostScript source to precede it, before it can be successfully printed. By default, that PostScript code is prepended to the output. If no file is specified in the command line, the dvi file is read from the standard input stream. The dvi file may be specified without the .dvi extension. If the MakeTeXPK program is installed, dvips will automatically generate fonts that don't already exit.

OPTIONS

The file[.dvi] argument is optional. Other arguments are:
-c num
Generate num copies. Default is 1.
-d num
Set the debug flag. Usually should not be used by normal users. This will only work if dvips has been compiled with the DEBUG option. See the file debug.h in the sources to see what the values of num can be.
-f
Run as a filter. Read the dvi file from standard input and write the PostScript to standard output.
-h name
Use file name as an additional header file.
-m
Sepcify manual feed for printer.
-n num
num pages will be printed out. Default is 100000.
-o name
The output will be sent to file name. Default is file.ps. If the first character of the file name is an exclamation mark, then the remainder will be used as an argument to popen; thus, specifying !lpr as the output file will automatically queue the file.
-p num
The first page printed will be the one numbered num. Default is 1.
-q
Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc.; only report errors to stderr.
-r
Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page one will be printed first.
-t modename
This sets the mode to modename. Currently, the only modes allowable are: letter, which selects letter size (image area of 8 by 10.92 inches on a 8.5 by 11 inch page), a4, which selects a4 size, note, which selects note size (image area of 7.69 by 10.16 inches centered on a 8.5 by 11 inch page) paper; legal, which selects legal size (image area of 6.72 by 13 inches centered on a 8.5 by 14 inch page) paper; landscape, which rotates a letter size (image area of 8 by 10.92 inches on a 8.5 by 11 inch page) document by ninety degrees. The default mode is letter.
-C num
Create num copies, but collated. Slower than the -c option, but easier on the humans.
-D num
Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num.
-N
Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary on some systems that try to interpret the comments in weird ways.
-Z
Enables the downloading of compressed fonts. Useful at high resolutions.
-?
Print out the banner identifying the program.

CONFIG FILE OPTIONS

The config file can be used to set many of the options to configure dvips for a particular site. These will probably be set by the installer so normal users can skip this section. The config file is usually called config.ps in the prologue directory. If the initial character is a space, an asterisk, a pound sign, or a semicolon, the line is ignored. If the initial character, for example, is an "o", the remainder of the line is considered to be the default file output name (e.g. /dev/lpr). The options are:
D num
Sets the resolution to num dots per inch (dpi).
m num
num is the memory allocated to fonts in the printer. Default is 900000.
o name
The default output file is set to name.
t path
The path to search for the tfm files is path. The TEXFONTS environment variable will override this.
p path
The path to search for the font files is path. The TEXPKS environment variable will override this.
r
Default to reversing the pages.
q
Run in quiet mode by default.
f
Run as a filter by default.
h name
Add name as a header file to be downloaded at the beginning.

PostScript Font Support

Most users need not concern themselves with installation instructions in this section, but will need to read this if they want to use PostScript fonts in TeX. This version of dvips also supports PostScript fonts. You need tfm files for the fonts; the program afm2tfm will create them as follows:

afm2tfm Times-Roman.afm Times-Roman.tfm

and the tfm's should be placed in the same directory as the other tfm's (usually /usr/lib/tex/fonts/tfm). (The most common ones are in the tfm directory.) You may also want to add a line to psfonts.map like the following:

Times-Roman

to tell the PostScript driver that it has a PostScript font to play with. (A sample list is in psfonts.map.) Also, the supplied texps.ps file should be placed in the prologue directory. To use the font, simply:

        \font\myfont=Times-Roman % scaled, or at, or whatever.
        \myfont
        Hello, I am being typeset in Times-Roman.

Note that the font name must be specified in the correct case, with the correct hyphens, both in the config file and in your TeX document---otherwise things won't work. These fonts can be scaled to any size. Go wild!

Note that even though the PostScript fonts are built into the printer, using them takes up VM and takes time. You may find downloading the computer modern fonts to be faster than using the built-in PostScript fonts!

So, if you start running out of memory for your Linotronic jobs, you might consider using PostScript fonts. Some people even think they look better.

Note: Helvetica-Narrow style fonts won't work---these fonts are brain-damaged somehow, in that the width entries in the `Metrics' dictionary are scaled wrong.

\special OPTIONS

This dvi driver allows the inclusion of PostScript to be inserted in a TeX file via TeX's \special command. The format of the \special command is as follows:

   \special{psfile="filename"}
   \special{psfile="filename"[ key=value]*}

The first form will download the PostScript file called filename such that the current point will be the origin of the PostScript co-ordinate system. The second form is a generalization of the first in which you are allowed to specify transformations on the PostScript in the file filename. After the filename, you are allowed to enter, in any order, key=value pairs separated by spaces. The possible keys are:

psfile	The PostScript file to include
hoffset	The horizontal offset
voffset	The vertical offset
hsize	The horizontal clipping size
vsize	The vertical clipping size
hscale	The horizontal scaling factor
vscale	The vertical scaling factor
angle	The rotation

The hoffset, voffset, hsize, and vsize are given in PostScript units (1/72 of an inch). The hscale and vscale are given in non-dimensioned percentage units, and the rotate value is specified in degrees counterclockwise. Thus

\special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90}

will shift the graphics produced by file foo.ps right by 1", and will draw it at 0.9 normal size. Hsize and vsize are given relative to the (0,0) point of the drawing and are unaffected by offsets and scales. Offsets are given relative to the point of the \special command, and are unaffected by scales.

If the file contains Encapsulated Post Script (EPS) commands, then it is possible to use a simpler \special command that will automatically reserve the required space.

To use, simply

        \input epsf
        \espffile{filename.ps}

A vbox of the appropriate size for the bounding box will be built. By default, the graphic will have its `natural' width. If you wish to set the graphic at a different width, simply set the dimension `\epsfxsize' to something else, such as `\hsize', and all will be well. This vbox can be centered with \centerline, or treated as any other vbox.

If the bounding box is not found, a bounding box of `72 0 540 324' is assumed. If the PostScript file to be included is not EPSF, it is recommended that the psfile special be used instead.

Literal specials include text in the TeX document literally into the output PostScript file, and are intended for those whose favorite graphics language is raw PostScript.

\special{" text}

includes text literally in the output PostScript document, after positioning correctly, opening the special library, and reverting to the PostScript convention of 72 units=1in. By positioning correctly, what is meant is that the origin is translated to the current page position.

\special{! text}

includes text literally in the prologue, putting definitions in the special library; good for definitions you intend to use with the above Note that such specials will always be included in the prologue, independent of which pages are selected to print or what page such specials might be found on. This allows correct printing of selected pages, even when literal PostScript definitions are used.

The \special{landscape} command may be used to set the whole document in landscape mode. For this to work correctly, this command must be early enough in the document. Also see the -M option.

The \special{header= filename} command may be used to add filename as a header file (i.e a file that will be downloaded before the start of processing). This is usually used for Macintosh header files. Also see the -h option.

FILES

These are usually system dependent, but look at:


the prologue dir /usr/lib/tex/ps
the tfm dir /usr/lib/tex/fonts/tfm
the font dir /usr/lib/tex/fonts/pk

SEE ALSO

mf(1), tex(1), lpr(1)

BUGS

Rejects any file with the string "IBM" in it. This is considered to be a feature by some.

AUTHOR

Tomas Rokicki <rokicki@polya.stanford.edu>


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Created by unroff & hp-tools. © somebody (See intro for details). All Rights Reserved. Last modified 11/5/97